如何讓自己的說話/寫作內容更有變化，第一步就是戒掉but，許多人在使用but時是用錯的，例如在寫作中but是不可以放在字首的，在口說上沒有這麼多的限制，但一直講but but but感覺實在是很枯燥乏味，本篇除了例句之外，也會教導使用方法唷! 要寫作的同學們要注意標點符號的使用喔! 快筆記吧!
1. However 然而
e.g. “Scholar A thinks this. However, Scholar B reached a different conclusion.”
學者A覺得這樣。然而，學者B得到一個不同的結論。
* reach a conclusion 得到結論
e.g. This is one possible solution to the problem. However, there are others.這是問題其中一種可能的解決之道，但還有其他的辦法。
文法: However可單獨成句，通常放在句首，後面緊接著逗號。
However, he isn’t qualified enough for the job.
however亦可以夾在兩個子句中，前方需分號，後方為逗號。
This seems to be a fair way; however, we still should carefully consider every aspect.
2. On the other hand 另一方面
e.g. “The historical evidence appears to suggest a clear-cut situation. On the other hand, the archaeological evidence presents a somewhat less straightforward picture of what happened that day.”
那天發生的事在歷史證據顯示一個清楚的狀況。但另一方面，考古證據卻顯示一個較不容易理解的局面。
文法: On the other hand放句首，後面需要逗號。
3. Having said that儘管如此
e.g. He forgets most things, but having said that, he always remembers my birthday.他很健忘，不過，他一直記得我的生日。
文法: Having said that放句首，後面需要逗號。
4. By contrast/in comparison 相較之下
e.g. “Scholar A’s opinion, then, is based on insufficient evidence. By contrast, Scholar B’s opinion seems more plausible.”
學者A的意見是根據較不完整的資料。相較之下，學者B的意見可信度較高。
e.g. Their economy has expanded, while ours, by/in contrast, has declined.他們的經濟快速增長，相比之下，我們的經濟則下滑了。
文法: By contrast/in comparison放句首，後面需要逗號。
句中要用: in contrast to
The amount spent on defence is in stark/sharp/noticeable contrast to that spent
on housing and health.國防支出與住房及醫療保健的支出形成了鮮明的對照。
5. Then again 話說回來
e.g. “Writer A asserts that this was the reason for what happened. Then again, it’s possible that he was being paid to say this.”
A作者斷言這個事件發生的原因，但話說回來，也有可能是有人付錢叫他這麼說的。
文法: then again放句首，後面需要逗號。
6. Yet然而
e.g. He's overweight and bald, (and) yet somehow, he's attractive.他肥胖且禿頭，然而不知為何卻很有魅力。
文法: yet解釋為然而時，通常放句中，前後面皆需要逗號。
7.on the contrary 恰恰相反
e.g. "I thought you said the film was exciting?" "On the contrary, I nearly fellasleep half way through it!"「你不覺得這齣電影很精彩嗎？」「正相反，看到一半我差點睡著！」
* 較常用在口語
文法: 放句首，後面需逗號。
8. although/though 雖然
e.g. She walked home by herself although she knew that it was dangerous.
她一個人步行回家，儘管她知道那樣做很危險。
文法: although/though為連接詞，跟其他句型不同，它一定得由兩個子句組成(必須連接兩個子句)，可放句首，中間利用逗號分隔兩個子句，放句中則不需要逗號。
Although he is poor, he is happy.
He is happy although he is poor.
9. nevertheless 儘管如此
e.g. Nevertheless, we still believe our new project will succeed.
儘管如此，我們仍相信我們的工程項目會成功。
文法: 放句首，後面需逗號。
10. differ from 不同於
e.g. Differ from his position, she claims that this plan still has a lot of flaws.
不同於他的立場，她覺得這個計畫還是有很多的瑕疵。
文法: 放句首，後面需逗號。
11.instead 取而代之的是
e.g. Learning a language is not merely about memorizing vocabulary. Instead, it has many aspects to be paid attention to.
學一個語言不僅僅在於背單字。還有很多方面我們必須要注意。
文法: 放句首，後面需逗號。
*若要放在句子中，可使用instead of 而不是。
*注意 instead後面是接你真正的想表達的東西，而instead of後面接的是你拿來站住立場的反面證據。
e.g. Learning a language has many aspects to be paid attention to instead of memorizing vocabulary.
12.alternatively 或者
e.g. We could go to the Indian restaurant, or alternatively, we could try that new Italian place.
我們可以去那家印度餐館，或者也可以到那家新開的義大利餐館嚐嚐。
文法: alternatively可放句首，後面需要逗號；亦可放句中，如上述例句文法，alternatively放句中常跟or連用，前後皆要放逗號。
13.even though 即使
e.g. Even though he left school at 16, he still managed to become primeminister.儘管他年僅16歲就輟學了，但最終還是當上了首相。
文法: 放句首，後面需逗號。
14. despite儘管
e.g. Despite repeated assurances that the product is safe, many people have stoppedbuying it.儘管已反覆保證了該產品的安全性，很多人還是不再購買。
文法: 可放句首或是句中，後面要連接一個名詞或名詞片語(不可連接子句)，放句首時，在名詞(片語)之後須加逗號。
e.g. Despite his father’s disagreement, he still came to the party.
= He came to the party despite his father’s disagreement.
*若後面要加的為子句(有主詞動詞)，需使用despite the fact that
e.g. Despite the fact that he was born in a very rich family, he still worked really hard to achieve his goal.
15. in spite of儘管
e.g. In spite of his injury, Ricardo will play in Saturday's match.儘管Ricardo有傷在身，星期六的比賽他仍然會出場。
文法: 同despite
參考資料: 網路/ Cambridge dictionary
本篇內容皆由Joanna整理編寫，請勿任意轉載。
